Q-1 . What is learning?
Sneezing when dust gets in your nose
Blinking your eye when a cloud of air hits it
Increasing heart rate when you see a spider.
2 . What is NOT “learning?”
Instincts: ( nature/ feelings) behaviors that occur as
a result of the organisms.
Reflexes: behaviors that occur as a result of an
automatic reaction to some environmental change
or condition.
3. Introduction
•Learning is the one of the important psychological process determine the human behavior.
• Learning is the process of buildup of knowledge, skills and attitude.
• Learning may be through training, experience, reading, observation, discussion, electronic
• media include internet, experimentation, facing the new challenges, travel and exploration
etc
•Learning is not a one time activity or an annual, half yearly, quarterly or monthly activity.
•. Learning is continues process.
• Learning is also an important source of motivation, stimulation and job satisfaction.
4.Defining Learning
?
•Comparatively permanent change in behavior or mental state based on
experience
•Relatively permanent change: Can be altered with future learning
•Behavior: Some response to a situation or event
•Mental state: knowledge, attitude, belief, strategy
•Learning
relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience
experience (nurture) is the key to learning.
•“Learning is any change in behavior resulting from behavior.” (J.P. Guilford)
•“Learning is the modification and correction of behavior through experience.” (Gates and
•Others)
•“Learning is a process of progressive behavior adaptation.” (Skinner)
•“Learning is shown by a change in behavior as a result of experience.” (Cronback)
5.How do we learn?
Most learning is associative learning
Learning that certain events occur together.
Learning
relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience
6. Types of Learning ?
•According to Vester this content – as, by the way, any material “independent of its degree of
•difficulty” – can be learned in different ways suitable for the different learning types
•of learners. Vester differentiates between 4 types:
•• Learning type 1: auditive learning (“by listening and speaking“),
• Learning type 2: visual learning (“through the eyes, by watching”),
• • Learning type 3: haptic learning (“by touching and feeling”),
• Learning type 4: learning through the intellect.
TYEPS OF LEARNING
1. Motor learning:
Most of our activities in our day-to-days life refer to motor activities.
The individual has to learn them in order to maintain his regular life, for example walking, running, skating, driving,
climbing, etc.
All these activities involve the muscular coordination.
2. Verbal learning:
This type of learning involves the language we speak, the communication devices we use.
Signs, pictures, symbols, words, figures, sounds, etc, are the tools used in such activities. We use words for
communication.
3. Concept learning:
It is the form of learning which requires higher order mental processes like thinking, reasoning, intelligence, etc.
we learn different concepts from childhood. For example, when we see a dog and attach the term dog, we learn that
the word dog refers to a particular animal.
4. Discrimination learning:
5. Learning to differentiate between stimuli and showing an appropriate response to these stimuli is called
6. discrimination learning. Example, sound horns of different vehicles like bus, car, ambulance, etc.
. 5. Learning of principles:
Individuals learn certain principles related to science, mathematics, grammar, etc. in order to manage
Their work effectively. These principles always show the relationship between two or more concepts.
Example: formulae, laws, associations, correlations, etc.
. 6. Problem solving:
. This is a higher order learning process. This learning requires the use of cognitive abilities-such as
thinking, reasoning, observation, imagination, etc. This is very useful to overcome difficult problems
encountered by the people.
7. Attitude learning:
Attitude is a tendency which determines and directs our behaviour. We develop different attitudes from
our childhood about the people, objects and everything we know. Our behaviour may be positive or
negative depending upon our attitudes. Example: attitudes of nurse towards her
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